/*
 *
 * Copyright 2024 gRPC authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */

package xdsclient

import (
	"fmt"
	"sync"
	"time"

	v3statuspb "github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/service/status/v3"
	estats "google.golang.org/grpc/experimental/stats"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/internal/envconfig"
	istats "google.golang.org/grpc/internal/stats"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/internal/xds/bootstrap"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

var (
	// DefaultPool is the default pool for xDS clients. It is created at init
	// time and reads bootstrap configuration from env vars to create the xDS
	// client.
	DefaultPool = &Pool{
		clients:          make(map[string]*clientImpl),
		getConfiguration: sync.OnceValues(bootstrap.GetConfiguration),
	}
)

// Pool represents a pool of xDS clients that share the same bootstrap
// configuration.
type Pool struct {
	// Note that mu should ideally only have to guard clients. But here, we need
	// it to guard config as well since SetFallbackBootstrapConfig writes to
	// config.
	mu             sync.Mutex
	clients        map[string]*clientImpl
	fallbackConfig *bootstrap.Config // TODO(i/8661): remove fallbackConfig.
	// getConfiguration is a sync.OnceValues that attempts to read the bootstrap
	// configuration from environment variables once.
	getConfiguration func() (*bootstrap.Config, error)
}

// OptionsForTesting contains options to configure xDS client creation for
// testing purposes only.
type OptionsForTesting struct {
	// Name is a unique name for this xDS client.
	Name string

	// WatchExpiryTimeout is the timeout for xDS resource watch expiry. If
	// unspecified, uses the default value used in non-test code.
	WatchExpiryTimeout time.Duration

	// StreamBackoffAfterFailure is the backoff function used to determine the
	// backoff duration after stream failures.
	// If unspecified, uses the default value used in non-test code.
	StreamBackoffAfterFailure func(int) time.Duration

	// MetricsRecorder is the metrics recorder the xDS Client will use. If
	// unspecified, uses a no-op MetricsRecorder.
	MetricsRecorder estats.MetricsRecorder

	// Config is the xDS bootstrap configuration that will be used to initialize
	// the client. If unset, the client will use the config provided by env
	// variables.
	Config *bootstrap.Config
}

// NewPool creates a new xDS client pool with the given bootstrap config.
//
// If a nil bootstrap config is passed and SetFallbackBootstrapConfig is not
// called before a call to NewClient, the latter will fail. i.e. if there is an
// attempt to create an xDS client from the pool without specifying bootstrap
// configuration (either at pool creation time or by setting the fallback
// bootstrap configuration), xDS client creation will fail.
func NewPool(config *bootstrap.Config) *Pool {
	return &Pool{
		clients: make(map[string]*clientImpl),
		getConfiguration: func() (*bootstrap.Config, error) {
			return config, nil
		},
	}
}

// NewClientWithConfig returns an xDS client with the given name from the pool. If the
// client doesn't already exist, it creates a new xDS client and adds it to the
// pool.
//
// The second return value represents a close function which the caller is
// expected to invoke once they are done using the client.  It is safe for the
// caller to invoke this close function multiple times.
func (p *Pool) NewClientWithConfig(name string, metricsRecorder estats.MetricsRecorder, config *bootstrap.Config) (XDSClient, func(), error) {
	return p.newRefCounted(name, metricsRecorder, defaultWatchExpiryTimeout, config)
}

// NewClient returns an xDS client with the given name from the pool. If the
// client doesn't already exist, it creates a new xDS client and adds it to the
// pool.
//
// The second return value represents a close function which the caller is
// expected to invoke once they are done using the client.  It is safe for the
// caller to invoke this close function multiple times.
func (p *Pool) NewClient(name string, metricsRecorder estats.MetricsRecorder) (XDSClient, func(), error) {
	return p.newRefCounted(name, metricsRecorder, defaultWatchExpiryTimeout, nil)
}

// NewClientForTesting returns an xDS client configured with the provided
// options from the pool. If the client doesn't already exist, it creates a new
// xDS client and adds it to the pool.
//
// The second return value represents a close function which the caller is
// expected to invoke once they are done using the client.  It is safe for the
// caller to invoke this close function multiple times.
//
// # Testing Only
//
// This function should ONLY be used for testing purposes.
func (p *Pool) NewClientForTesting(opts OptionsForTesting) (XDSClient, func(), error) {
	if opts.Name == "" {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("xds: opts.Name field must be non-empty")
	}
	if opts.WatchExpiryTimeout == 0 {
		opts.WatchExpiryTimeout = defaultWatchExpiryTimeout
	}
	if opts.StreamBackoffAfterFailure == nil {
		opts.StreamBackoffAfterFailure = defaultExponentialBackoff
	}
	if opts.MetricsRecorder == nil {
		opts.MetricsRecorder = istats.NewMetricsRecorderList(nil)
	}
	c, cancel, err := p.newRefCounted(opts.Name, opts.MetricsRecorder, opts.WatchExpiryTimeout, opts.Config)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	return c, cancel, nil
}

// GetClientForTesting returns an xDS client created earlier using the given
// name from the pool. If the client with the given name doesn't already exist,
// it returns an error.
//
// The second return value represents a close function which the caller is
// expected to invoke once they are done using the client.  It is safe for the
// caller to invoke this close function multiple times.
//
// # Testing Only
//
// This function should ONLY be used for testing purposes.
func (p *Pool) GetClientForTesting(name string) (XDSClient, func(), error) {
	p.mu.Lock()
	defer p.mu.Unlock()

	c, ok := p.clients[name]
	if !ok {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("xds:: xDS client with name %q not found", name)
	}
	c.incrRef()
	return c, sync.OnceFunc(func() { p.clientRefCountedClose(name) }), nil
}

// SetFallbackBootstrapConfig is used to specify a bootstrap configuration
// that will be used as a fallback when the bootstrap environment variables
// are not defined.
// TODO(i/8661): remove SetFallbackBootstrapConfig function.
func (p *Pool) SetFallbackBootstrapConfig(config *bootstrap.Config) {
	p.mu.Lock()
	defer p.mu.Unlock()
	p.fallbackConfig = config
}

// DumpResources returns the status and contents of all xDS resources.
func (p *Pool) DumpResources() *v3statuspb.ClientStatusResponse {
	p.mu.Lock()
	defer p.mu.Unlock()

	resp := &v3statuspb.ClientStatusResponse{}
	for key, client := range p.clients {
		b, err := client.DumpResources()
		if err != nil {
			return nil
		}
		r := &v3statuspb.ClientStatusResponse{}
		if err := proto.Unmarshal(b, r); err != nil {
			return nil
		}
		cfg := r.Config[0]
		cfg.ClientScope = key
		resp.Config = append(resp.Config, cfg)
	}
	return resp
}

// BootstrapConfigForTesting returns the bootstrap configuration used by the
// pool. The caller should not mutate the returned config.
//
// To be used only for testing purposes.
func (p *Pool) BootstrapConfigForTesting() *bootstrap.Config {
	p.mu.Lock()
	defer p.mu.Unlock()
	cfg, _ := p.getConfiguration()
	if cfg != nil {
		return cfg
	}
	return p.fallbackConfig
}

// UnsetBootstrapConfigForTesting unsets the bootstrap configuration used by
// the pool.
//
// To be used only for testing purposes.
func (p *Pool) UnsetBootstrapConfigForTesting() {
	p.mu.Lock()
	defer p.mu.Unlock()
	p.fallbackConfig = nil
	p.getConfiguration = sync.OnceValues(bootstrap.GetConfiguration)
}

func (p *Pool) clientRefCountedClose(name string) {
	p.mu.Lock()
	client, ok := p.clients[name]
	if !ok {
		logger.Errorf("Attempt to close a non-existent xDS client with name %s", name)
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return
	}
	if client.decrRef() != 0 {
		p.mu.Unlock()
		return
	}
	delete(p.clients, name)

	for _, s := range client.bootstrapConfig.XDSServers() {
		for _, f := range s.Cleanups() {
			f()
		}
	}
	for _, a := range client.bootstrapConfig.Authorities() {
		for _, s := range a.XDSServers {
			for _, f := range s.Cleanups() {
				f()
			}
		}
	}
	// The allowed-services credentials are owned by the (pool-shared)
	// bootstrap config and are released when the last reference to the
	// client is dropped, following the same lifecycle as the xDS server
	// credentials released above.
	for _, svc := range client.bootstrapConfig.AllowedGRPCServices() {
		for _, f := range svc.Cleanups() {
			f()
		}
	}
	p.mu.Unlock()

	// This attempts to close the transport to the management server and could
	// theoretically call back into the xdsclient package again and deadlock.
	// Hence, this needs to be called without holding the lock.
	client.Close()

	xdsClientImplCloseHook(name)
}

// newRefCounted creates a new reference counted xDS client implementation for
// name, if one does not exist already. If an xDS client for the given name
// exists, it gets a reference to it and returns it.
func (p *Pool) newRefCounted(name string, metricsRecorder estats.MetricsRecorder, watchExpiryTimeout time.Duration, bConfig *bootstrap.Config) (*clientImpl, func(), error) {
	p.mu.Lock()
	defer p.mu.Unlock()

	if c := p.clients[name]; c != nil {
		c.incrRef()
		return c, sync.OnceFunc(func() { p.clientRefCountedClose(name) }), nil
	}

	config := bConfig
	if config == nil {
		var err error
		config, err = p.getConfiguration()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("xds: failed to read xDS bootstrap config from env vars:  %v", err)
		}
		if config == nil {
			// If the environment variables are not set, then fallback bootstrap
			// configuration should be set before attempting to create an xDS client,
			// else xDS client creation will fail.
			config = p.fallbackConfig
		}
	}

	if config == nil {
		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read xDS bootstrap config from env vars: bootstrap environment variables (%q or %q) not defined and fallback config not set", envconfig.XDSBootstrapFileNameEnv, envconfig.XDSBootstrapFileContentEnv)
	}

	c, err := newClientImpl(config, metricsRecorder, name, watchExpiryTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}
	if logger.V(2) {
		c.logger.Infof("Created client with name %q and bootstrap configuration:\n %s", name, config)
	}
	p.clients[name] = c
	xdsClientImplCreateHook(name)

	logger.Infof("xDS node ID: %s", config.Node().GetId())
	return c, sync.OnceFunc(func() { p.clientRefCountedClose(name) }), nil
}