snapshot of https://github.com/pion/webrtc.git (main, 2026-09-15; blobs > 131072B omitted)

examples/bandwidth-estimation-from-disk/README.md

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+# bandwidth-estimation-from-disk
+bandwidth-estimation-from-disk demonstrates how to use Pion's Bandwidth Estimation APIs.
+
+Pion provides multiple Bandwidth Estimators, but they all satisfy one interface. This interface
+emits an int for how much bandwidth is available to send. It is then up to the sender to meet that number.
+
+## Instructions
+### Create IVF files named `high.ivf` `med.ivf` and `low.ivf`
+```
+ffmpeg -i $INPUT_FILE -g 30 -b:v .3M  -s 320x240   low.ivf
+ffmpeg -i $INPUT_FILE -g 30 -b:v 1M   -s 858x480   med.ivf
+ffmpeg -i $INPUT_FILE -g 30 -b:v 2.5M -s 1280x720  high.ivf
+```
+
+### Download bandwidth-estimation-from-disk
+
+```
+go install github.com/pion/webrtc/v4/examples/bandwidth-estimation-from-disk@latest
+```
+
+### Open bandwidth-estimation-from-disk example page
+[jsfiddle.net](https://jsfiddle.net/a1cz42op/) you should see two text-areas, 'Start Session' button and 'Copy browser SessionDescription to clipboard'
+
+### Run bandwidth-estimation-from-disk with your browsers Session Description as stdin
+The `output.ivf` you created should be in the same directory as `bandwidth-estimation-from-disk`. In the jsfiddle press 'Copy browser Session Description to clipboard' or copy the base64 string manually.
+
+Now use this value you just copied as the input to `bandwidth-estimation-from-disk`
+
+#### Linux/macOS
+Run `echo $BROWSER_SDP | bandwidth-estimation-from-disk`
+#### Windows
+1. Paste the SessionDescription into a file.
+1. Run `bandwidth-estimation-from-disk < my_file`
+
+### Input bandwidth-estimation-from-disk's Session Description into your browser
+Copy the text that `bandwidth-estimation-from-disk` just emitted and copy into the second text area in the jsfiddle
+
+### Hit 'Start Session' in jsfiddle, enjoy your video!
+A video should start playing in your browser above the input boxes. When `bandwidth-estimation-from-disk` switches quality levels it will print the old and new file like so.
+
+```
+Switching from low.ivf to med.ivf
+Switching from med.ivf to high.ivf
+Switching from high.ivf to med.ivf
+```
+
+
+Congrats, you have used Pion WebRTC! Now start building something cool

examples/bandwidth-estimation-from-disk/main.go

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+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 The Pion community <https://pion.ly>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//go:build !js
+
+// bandwidth-estimation-from-disk demonstrates how to use Pion's Bandwidth Estimation APIs.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pion/interceptor"
+	"github.com/pion/interceptor/pkg/cc"
+	"github.com/pion/interceptor/pkg/gcc"
+	"github.com/pion/webrtc/v4"
+	"github.com/pion/webrtc/v4/pkg/media"
+	"github.com/pion/webrtc/v4/pkg/media/ivfreader"
+)
+
+const (
+	lowFile    = "low.ivf"
+	lowBitrate = 300_000
+
+	medFile    = "med.ivf"
+	medBitrate = 1_000_000
+
+	highFile    = "high.ivf"
+	highBitrate = 2_500_000
+
+	ivfHeaderSize = 32
+)
+
+func main() { //nolint:gocognit,cyclop,maintidx
+	qualityLevels := []struct {
+		fileName string
+		bitrate  int
+	}{
+		{lowFile, lowBitrate},
+		{medFile, medBitrate},
+		{highFile, highBitrate},
+	}
+	currentQuality := 0
+
+	for _, level := range qualityLevels {
+		_, err := os.Stat(level.fileName)
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("File %s was not found", level.fileName))
+		}
+	}
+
+	interceptorRegistry := &interceptor.Registry{}
+	mediaEngine := &webrtc.MediaEngine{}
+	if err := mediaEngine.RegisterDefaultCodecs(); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a Congestion Controller. This analyzes inbound and outbound data and provides
+	// suggestions on how much we should be sending.
+	//
+	// Passing `nil` means we use the default Estimation Algorithm which is Google Congestion Control.
+	// You can use the other ones that Pion provides, or write your own!
+	congestionController, err := cc.NewInterceptor(func() (cc.BandwidthEstimator, error) {
+		return gcc.NewSendSideBWE(gcc.SendSideBWEInitialBitrate(lowBitrate))
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	estimatorChan := make(chan cc.BandwidthEstimator, 1)
+	congestionController.OnNewPeerConnection(func(id string, estimator cc.BandwidthEstimator) { //nolint: revive
+		estimatorChan <- estimator
+	})
+
+	interceptorRegistry.Add(congestionController)
+	if err = webrtc.ConfigureTWCCHeaderExtensionSender(mediaEngine, interceptorRegistry); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err = webrtc.RegisterDefaultInterceptors(mediaEngine, interceptorRegistry); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a new RTCPeerConnection
+	peerConnection, err := webrtc.NewAPI(
+		webrtc.WithInterceptorRegistry(interceptorRegistry), webrtc.WithMediaEngine(mediaEngine),
+	).NewPeerConnection(webrtc.Configuration{
+		ICEServers: []webrtc.ICEServer{
+			{
+				URLs: []string{"stun:stun.l.google.com:19302"},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if cErr := peerConnection.Close(); cErr != nil {
+			fmt.Printf("cannot close peerConnection: %v\n", cErr)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Wait until our Bandwidth Estimator has been created
+	estimator := <-estimatorChan
+
+	// Create a video track
+	videoTrack, err := webrtc.NewTrackLocalStaticSample(
+		webrtc.RTPCodecCapability{MimeType: webrtc.MimeTypeVP8}, "video", "pion",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	rtpSender, err := peerConnection.AddTrack(videoTrack)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Read incoming RTCP packets
+	// Before these packets are returned they are processed by interceptors. For things
+	// like NACK this needs to be called.
+	go func() {
+		rtcpBuf := make([]byte, 1500)
+		for {
+			if _, _, rtcpErr := rtpSender.Read(rtcpBuf); rtcpErr != nil {
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Set the handler for ICE connection state
+	// This will notify you when the peer has connected/disconnected
+	peerConnection.OnICEConnectionStateChange(func(connectionState webrtc.ICEConnectionState) {
+		fmt.Printf("Connection State has changed %s \n", connectionState.String())
+	})
+
+	// Set the handler for Peer connection state
+	// This will notify you when the peer has connected/disconnected
+	peerConnection.OnConnectionStateChange(func(state webrtc.PeerConnectionState) {
+		fmt.Printf("Peer Connection State has changed: %s\n", state.String())
+	})
+
+	// Wait for the offer to be pasted
+	offer := webrtc.SessionDescription{}
+	decode(readUntilNewline(), &offer)
+
+	// Set the remote SessionDescription
+	if err = peerConnection.SetRemoteDescription(offer); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create answer
+	answer, err := peerConnection.CreateAnswer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create channel that is blocked until ICE Gathering is complete
+	gatherComplete := webrtc.GatheringCompletePromise(peerConnection)
+
+	// Sets the LocalDescription, and starts our UDP listeners
+	if err = peerConnection.SetLocalDescription(answer); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Block until ICE Gathering is complete, disabling trickle ICE
+	// we do this because we only can exchange one signaling message
+	// in a production application you should exchange ICE Candidates via OnICECandidate
+	<-gatherComplete
+
+	// Output the answer in base64 so we can paste it in browser
+	fmt.Println(encode(peerConnection.LocalDescription()))
+
+	// Open a IVF file and start reading using our IVFReader
+	file, err := os.Open(qualityLevels[currentQuality].fileName)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	ivf, header, err := ivfreader.NewWith(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Send our video file frame at a time. Pace our sending so we send it at the same speed it should be played back as.
+	// This isn't required since the video is timestamped, but we will such much higher loss if we send all at once.
+	//
+	// It is important to use a time.Ticker instead of time.Sleep because
+	// * avoids accumulating skew, just calling time.Sleep didn't compensate for the time spent parsing the data
+	// * works around latency issues with Sleep (see https://github.com/golang/go/issues/44343)
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(
+		time.Millisecond * time.Duration((float32(header.TimebaseNumerator)/float32(header.TimebaseDenominator))*1000),
+	)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	frame := []byte{}
+	frameHeader := &ivfreader.IVFFrameHeader{}
+	currentTimestamp := uint64(0)
+
+	switchQualityLevel := func(newQualityLevel int) {
+		fmt.Printf(
+			"Switching from %s to %s \n",
+			qualityLevels[currentQuality].fileName,
+			qualityLevels[newQualityLevel].fileName,
+		)
+
+		currentQuality = newQualityLevel
+		ivf.ResetReader(setReaderFile(qualityLevels[currentQuality].fileName))
+		for {
+			if frame, frameHeader, err = ivf.ParseNextFrame(); err != nil {
+				break
+			} else if frameHeader.Timestamp >= currentTimestamp && frame[0]&0x1 == 0 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for ; true; <-ticker.C {
+		targetBitrate := estimator.GetTargetBitrate()
+		switch {
+		// If current quality level is below target bitrate drop to level below
+		case currentQuality != 0 && targetBitrate < qualityLevels[currentQuality].bitrate:
+			switchQualityLevel(currentQuality - 1)
+
+			// If next quality level is above target bitrate move to next level
+		case len(qualityLevels) > (currentQuality+1) && targetBitrate > qualityLevels[currentQuality+1].bitrate:
+			switchQualityLevel(currentQuality + 1)
+
+		// Adjust outbound bandwidth for probing
+		default:
+			frame, frameHeader, err = ivf.ParseNextFrame()
+		}
+
+		switch {
+		// If we have reached the end of the file start again
+		case errors.Is(err, io.EOF):
+			ivf.ResetReader(setReaderFile(qualityLevels[currentQuality].fileName))
+
+		// No error write the video frame
+		case err == nil:
+			currentTimestamp = frameHeader.Timestamp
+			if err = videoTrack.WriteSample(media.Sample{Data: frame, Duration: time.Second}); err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+		// Error besides io.EOF that we dont know how to handle
+		default:
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func setReaderFile(filename string) func(_ int64) io.Reader {
+	return func(_ int64) io.Reader {
+		file, err := os.Open(filename) // nolint
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+		if _, err = file.Seek(ivfHeaderSize, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		return file
+	}
+}
+
+// Read from stdin until we get a newline.
+func readUntilNewline() (in string) {
+	var err error
+
+	r := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+	for {
+		in, err = r.ReadString('\n')
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+
+		if in = strings.TrimSpace(in); len(in) > 0 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("")
+
+	return
+}
+
+// JSON encode + base64 a SessionDescription.
+func encode(obj *webrtc.SessionDescription) string {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(obj)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
+}
+
+// Decode a base64 and unmarshal JSON into a SessionDescription.
+func decode(in string, obj *webrtc.SessionDescription) {
+	b, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(b, obj); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+}