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---
title: 快捷键
---
## 介绍
当你需要监听一个快捷键时,通常会使用 `onKeyDown` 事件监听器。
然而,在 `twenty-front` 中,你可能会遇到用于不同组件的相同快捷键之间的冲突,这些组件同时挂载。
例如,如果你有一个页面监听回车键,而一个包含选择组件的模态框也监听回车键,在所有这些组件同时挂载时可能会发生冲突。
## `useScopedHotkeys` hook
为了解决这个问题,我们有一个自定义的 hook,可以在不产生冲突的情况下监听快捷键。
您可以将它放在组件中,它只会在组件挂载并且指定的 **快捷键范围** 激活时监听快捷键。
## 在实践中如何监听快捷键?
设置快捷键监听涉及两个步骤:
1. 设置将会监听快捷键的[快捷键范围](#what-is-a-hotkey-scope-)
2. 使用 `useScopedHotkeys` hook 来监听快捷键
即使在简单的页面中,也需要设置快捷键范围,因为其他界面元素如左侧菜单或命令菜单也可能监听快捷键。
## 快捷键的使用案例
通常情况下,会有两种需要快捷键的使用案例:
1. 在页面或页面中挂载的组件中
2. 在由于用户操作而获得焦点的模态组件中
第二种使用情况可以递归发生:例如,在模态框中的下拉框。
### 在页面中监听快捷键
示例:
```tsx
const PageListeningEnter = () => {
const {
setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope,
goBackToPreviousHotkeyScope,
} = usePreviousHotkeyScope();
// 1. Set the hotkey scope in a useEffect
useEffect(() => {
setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope(
ExampleHotkeyScopes.ExampleEnterPage,
);
// Revert to the previous hotkey scope when the component is unmounted
return () => {
goBackToPreviousHotkeyScope();
};
}, [goBackToPreviousHotkeyScope, setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope]);
// 2. Use the useScopedHotkeys hook
useScopedHotkeys(
Key.Enter,
() => {
// Some logic executed on this page when the user presses Enter
// ...
},
ExampleHotkeyScopes.ExampleEnterPage,
);
return <div>My page that listens for Enter</div>;
};
```
### 在模态类型组件中监听快捷键
在这个示例中,我们将使用一个模态组件,该组件监听 Esc 键来告诉其父组件关闭自己。
这里用户交互正在改变范围。
```tsx
const ExamplePageWithModal = () => {
const [showModal, setShowModal] = useState(false);
const {
setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope,
goBackToPreviousHotkeyScope,
} = usePreviousHotkeyScope();
const handleOpenModalClick = () => {
// 1. Set the hotkey scope when user opens the modal
setShowModal(true);
setHotkeyScopeAndMemorizePreviousScope(
ExampleHotkeyScopes.ExampleModal,
);
};
const handleModalClose = () => {
// 1. Revert to the previous hotkey scope when the modal is closed
setShowModal(false);
goBackToPreviousHotkeyScope();
};
return <div>
<h1>My page with a modal</h1>
<button onClick={handleOpenModalClick}>Open modal</button>
{showModal && <MyModalComponent onClose={handleModalClose} />}
</div>;
};
```
然后在模态组件中:
```tsx
const MyDropdownComponent = ({ onClose }: { onClose: () => void }) => {
// 2. Use the useScopedHotkeys hook to listen for Escape.
// Note that escape is a common hotkey that could be used by many other components
// So it's important to use a hotkey scope to avoid conflicts
useScopedHotkeys(
Key.Escape,
() => {
onClose()
},
ExampleHotkeyScopes.ExampleModal,
);
return <div>My modal component</div>;
};
```
当你不能确定只需使用使用效果挂载/卸载就足以避免冲突时,使用此模式是很重要的。
这些冲突可能难以调和,而且使用效果可能更经常地发生。
## 什么是快捷键范围?
快捷键范围是表示快捷键激活上下文的字符串。 通常编码为枚举。
当你更改快捷键范围时,监听此范围的快捷键将启用,监听其他范围的快捷键将被禁用。
一次只能设置一个范围。
例如,每个页面的快捷键范围在 `PageHotkeyScope` 枚举中定义:
```tsx
export enum PageHotkeyScope {
Settings = 'settings',
CreateWorkspace = 'create-workspace',
SignInUp = 'sign-in-up',
CreateProfile = 'create-profile',
PlanRequired = 'plan-required',
ShowPage = 'show-page',
PersonShowPage = 'person-show-page',
CompanyShowPage = 'company-show-page',
CompaniesPage = 'companies-page',
PeoplePage = 'people-page',
OpportunitiesPage = 'opportunities-page',
ProfilePage = 'profile-page',
WorkspaceMemberPage = 'workspace-member-page',
TaskPage = 'task-page',
}
```
在内部,当前选择的范围存储在整个应用程序共享的 Jotai 原子中:
```tsx
export const currentHotkeyScopeState = createState<HotkeyScope>({
key: 'currentHotkeyScopeState',
defaultValue: INITIAL_HOTKEYS_SCOPE,
});
```
但这个原子不应该手动处理! 我们将在下一节中学习如何使用它。
## 内部是如何运作的?
我们在 [react-hotkeys-hook](https://react-hotkeys-hook.vercel.app/docs/intro) 之上制作了一个薄包装,使其性能更高并避免不必要的重新渲染。
我们还创建了一个 Jotai 原子来处理快捷键范围状态,并使其在整个应用程序中可用。